Introduction Elderly individuals are at a significantly higher risk for peripheral artery disease (PAD), a common vascular disorder. As the global population ages rapidly, the number of PAD cases is projected to rise
Introduction Elderly individuals are at a significantly higher risk for peripheral artery disease (PAD), a common vascular disorder. As the global population ages rapidly, the number of PAD cases is projected to rise
Introduction Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has emerged as one of the primary cause of mortality among the patients with end-stage renal disease such as renal failure, accounting for 30-50% of chronic renal failure cas
Introduction Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism is essential for maintaining normal physiological activities, and the decreased NAD+ level is related to various pathologies such as cardiac dis
Introduction Targeting the autophagy-NAD axis has been reported be a viable therapeutic strategy for Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease. The study suggests that both pharmacological rescue of autophagy deficiency and
Introduction Apical periodontitis, an inflammatory disease affecting tooth apex tissues, is triggered by oral pathogens infecting the root canal. One of the main reason for endodontic treatment failure is Enterococcus
Introduction Amoebiasis has emerged as the third most common cause of death by parasites worldwide after malaria and schistosomiasis infections. According to the report of World Health Organization, over 40 milli
Introduction Disturbance in hepatic NAD+ metabolism has been manifested as a key factor in the initiation and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), one of the most co
Introduction According to the 2017 Commission on Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), TBI remains one of the top three causes of injury-related death and disability up to 2030. There are 50~60
Introduction In clinical settings, doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective broad-spectrum anti-cancer drug in chemotherapy for various tumors, including hematological malignancies and solid tumors such as leu
